York university investment management

Students must complete the following to be eligible to graduate from the program:. His client portfolio sees the incredible value added through detailed knowledge and ongoing education. His responsibilities included mortgage financing, property acquisitions and project management. Imran Mangalji. MREI graduates work in real estate and infrastructure development, investment and portfolio management, project finance and consulting. The course will be taught through lectures, guest speakers and interactive seminars focusing on case studies. Through these experiences, Imran gained experience in numerous areas of the real estate field, including asset management, property management, tenant relations, project management, strategic acquisition, sales, financing and leasing.

Module will run

Unleash your curiosity and develop key skills to support a career in academia, industry, consultancy or research. Apply for manaegment course. Our PhD programme offers high-quality training and a supportive collegial environment in which to pursue your passion for research. Study for your doctorate in a professional and challenging school, where academic rigour york university investment management excellence is at the heart of everything we. You will have the opportunity to work with leading academics and be part of a growing and vibrant community of doctoral scholars. We welcome applicants who share our vision and want to undertake innovative and exciting research as part of our academic community.

Course content

Investment management or financial management is the professional asset management of various securities shares, bonds, and other securities and other assets e. Investors may be institutions insurance companies, pension funds, corporations, charities, educational establishments etc. The term ‘asset management’ is often used to refer to the investment management of investment funds , while the more generic term ‘fund management’ may refer to all forms of institutional investment as well as investment management for private investors. Investment managers who specialize in advisory or discretionary management on behalf of normally wealthy private investors may often refer to their services as money management or portfolio management often within the context of » private banking «. The term fund manager, or investment adviser in the United States, refers to both a firm that provides investment management services and an individual who directs fund management decisions. The global investment management industry is highly concentrated in nature, in a universe of about 70, funds roughly

Faculty & Staff

Investment management or financial management is the professional asset management of various securities shares, bonds, and other securities and other assets e. Investors may be institutions insurance companies, pension funds, corporations, charities, educational establishments. The term ‘asset management’ is often used to refer to the investment management of investment fundswhile the more generic term ‘fund management’ may refer to all forms of institutional investment as well as investment management for private investors.

Investment managers who specialize in advisory or discretionary management on behalf of normally wealthy private investors may often refer to their services as money management or portfolio management often within the context of » private banking «.

The term fund manager, or investment adviser in the United States, refers to both a firm that provides investment management services and an individual who directs fund management decisions. The global investment management industry is highly concentrated in nature, in a universe of about 70, funds roughly The business of investment has several facets, the employment of professional fund managers, research of individual assets and asset classesdealing, settlement, marketing, internal auditingand the preparation of reports for clients.

The largest financial fund managers are firms that exhibit all the complexity their size demands. Apart from the people who bring in the money marketers and the people who direct investment the fund managersthere are compliance staff to ensure accord with legislative and regulatory constraintsinternal auditors of various kinds to examine internal systems and controlsfinancial controllers to account for the institutions’ own money and costscomputer experts, and «back office» employees to track and record transactions and fund valuations for up to thousands of clients per institution.

Institutions often control huge shareholdings. In most cases they are acting as fiduciary agents rather than principals direct owners.

The owners of shares theoretically have great power to alter the companies via the voting rights the shares carry and the consequent ability to pressure managements, and if necessary out-vote them at annual and other meetings.

In practice, the ultimate owners of shares often do not exercise the power they collectively hold because the owners are many, each with small holdings ; financial institutions as agents sometimes. There is a general belief [ by whom?

Such action would add a pressure group to those the regulators and the Board overseeing management. However, there is the problem of how the unvestment should exercise this power. One way is for the institution to decide, the other is for the institution to poll its beneficiaries. Assuming that the institution polls, should it then: i Vote the entire holding as directed by the majority of votes cast?

The price signals generated by large active managers holding or not holding the stock may contribute to management change. For kanagement, this is the case when a investmment active manager sells his position in a company, leading to possibly a decline in the stock price, but more importantly a loss of confidence by the markets in the management of the company, thus precipitating changes in the management team.

Some institutions have been more vocal and active in pursuing such matters; for instance, some firms believe that there are investment advantages to accumulating substantial minority shareholdings i.

In some cases, institutions with minority holdings work together to force management change. Perhaps more frequent is the sustained pressure that large institutions bring to bear on mangaement teams through persuasive discourse and PR. On the other hand, some of the largest investment managers—such as BlackRock and Vanguard —advocate simply owning every company, reducing the incentive to influence management teams.

A reason for this last strategy is that the investment manager prefers a managemennt, more open and honest relationship with a company’s management team than would exist if they exercised control; allowing them to make a better investment decision.

The national context in which shareholder representation considerations are set is variable and important. The USA is a litigious society and shareholders use the law as a lever to pressure management teams.

In Japan it is traditional for shareholders to be mznagement in the ‘pecking order,’ which often allows management and labor to ignore the rights of the ultimate owners. Whereas US firms generally cater to shareholders, Japanese businesses managekent exhibit a stakeholder mentality, in which they seek consensus amongst all interested parties against a background of strong unions and labour legislation. The 3-P’s Philosophy, Process and People are often used to describe the reasons why the manager is able to produce above average results.

At the heart of the investment management industry are the managers who invest and divest client investments. A certified company investment advisor should conduct an assessment of each client’s individual needs and risk profile. The advisor then recommends appropriate investments. The different asset class definitions are widely debated, but four common divisions are stocksbondsreal estate and commodities. The exercise of allocating funds among these assets and among individual securities within each asset class is what investment management firms are paid.

Asset classes exhibit univeesity market dynamics, and different interaction effects; thus, the allocation of the money among asset classes will have a significant effect on the performance of the fund. Some research suggests that allocation among asset classes has more predictive power than the choice of individual holdings in determining portfolio return.

Arguably, the universkty of a successful investment manager resides in constructing the asset allocation, and separate individual investtment, so as to outperform certain benchmarks e.

It is important to look at the evidence on the long-term returns to different assets, and to holding period returns the returns that accrue on average over different lengths of investment.

For example, over very long holding periods e. According to financial theory, this is because equities are riskier more volatile than bonds which are themselves more risky than cash.

Against the background of the asset allocation, fund managers consider the degree of diversification that makes sense for a given client given its risk preferences and construct a list of planned holdings accordingly. The list will indicate what percentage of the fund should be invested in each particular stock or bond. The theory of portfolio diversification was originated by Markowitz and many. Effective diversification requires management of the correlation between the asset returns and the liability returns, issues internal to the portfolio individual holdings volatilityand cross-correlations between the returns.

There are a range of different styles of fund management that the institution can implement. For example, growthvalue, growth at a reasonable price GARPmarket neutralsmall capitalisation, indexed.

Each of these approaches invesgment its distinctive features, adherents and, in any particular financial environment, distinctive risk characteristics. For example, there is evidence that growth styles buying rapidly growing earnings are especially effective when the companies able to generate such growth are scarce; conversely, when such growth is plentiful, then there is evidence that value styles tend to outperform the indices particularly successfully. Large asset managers are increasingly profiling their equity portfolio managers to trade their orders more effectively.

Nanagement this strategy is less effective with small-cap trades, it has been effective for portfolios with large-cap companies. Fund performance is often thought to be the acid test of fund management, and in the institutional context, accurate measurement is a necessity. For inveestment purpose, institutions measure the performance of each fund and usually for internal purposes components of each fund under their management, and performance is also measured by external firms that specialize in performance measurement.

The leading performance measurement firms e. In a typical case let us say an equity fundthe calculation would be made as far as the client is concerned every quarter and would show a percentage change compared with the prior quarter e.

This figure would be compared with other similar funds managed within the institution for purposes of monitoring internal controlswith performance data for peer group funds, and with relevant indices where available or tailor-made performance benchmarks where appropriate.

The specialist performance measurement firms calculate quartile and decile data and close attention would be paid to the percentile ranking of uniiversity fund. It is probably appropriate for an investment firm to persuade its clients to assess performance over longer periods e. This can be difficult however and, industry wide, there is a serious preoccupation with short-term numbers and the effect on the relationship with clients and resultant business risks for manageemnt institutions.

An enduring problem is whether to measure before-tax or after-tax performance. After-tax measurement represents the benefit to the investor, but investors’ tax positions universihy vary. Before-tax measurement can be misleading, especially in regimens that tax realised capital gains and not unrealised.

It is thus possible that successful active managers measured before tax may produce miserable after-tax results. One possible solution is to report the after-tax position of some standard taxpayer.

Performance measurement should not be reduced to the evaluation of fund returns alone, but must also integrate other fund elements that would be of interest to investors, such as the measure of risk taken.

Several other aspects are also part of performance measurement: evaluating if managers have succeeded in reaching their objective, i. The need to answer all these questions has led to the development of more sophisticated performance measures, many of which originate in modern portfolio theory. Modern portfolio theory established the quantitative link that exists between portfolio risk and return.

The capital asset pricing model CAPM developed by Sharpe highlighted the notion of rewarding risk and produced the first performance indicators, be inveatment risk-adjusted ratios Sharpe ratio investmemt, information ratio or differential returns compared to benchmarks alphas.

The Sharpe ratio is the simplest and best known performance measure. It measures the return of a portfolio in excess of the risk-free rate, compared to the total risk of the portfolio.

This measure is said to be absolute, as it does not refer to any benchmark, avoiding drawbacks related to a poor choice of benchmark. Meanwhile, it does not allow the separation of the performance of the market in which the portfolio is invested from that of the manager. The information ratio is a more general form of the Sharpe ratio in which the risk-free asset is replaced by a benchmark portfolio.

This measure is relative, as it evaluates portfolio performance in reference to a benchmark, making the result strongly dependent on this benchmark choice. Portfolio alpha is obtained by measuring the difference between the manatement of the portfolio and that of a benchmark portfolio. This measure appears to be the only reliable performance measure to evaluate active management.

In fact, we have to distinguish between normal returns, provided by the fair reward for portfolio exposure to different risks, and obtained through passive management, from abnormal performance or outperformance due to the manager’s invsstment or luckwhether through market timingstock pickingor good fortune.

The first component is related to allocation and style investment choices, which may not be under the sole control of york university investment management manager, and depends on the economic context, while the second component is an evaluation of the success of the manager’s decisions. Only the latter, measured by alpha, allows the evaluation of the manager’s true performance but then, only if you assume that any outperformance is due to skill manqgement not yyork.

Portfolio return may be evaluated using factor models. The first model, proposed by Jensenrelies on the CAPM and explains portfolio returns with the market index as the only factor. It quickly becomes clear, however, that one factor is not enough to explain the returns very well and that other factors have to be considered. Multi-factor models were developed as an alternative to the CAPMallowing a better description of portfolio risks and a more accurate evaluation of a portfolio’s performance.

For example, Fama and French have highlighted two important factors that characterize a company’s risk in addition to market risk. These factors are the book-to-market ratio and the company’s size as measured by its market capitalization. Fama and French therefore proposed three-factor model to describe portfolio normal returns Fama—French three-factor model.

Carhart proposed to add momentum as a fourth factor to allow the short-term persistence of returns to be taken into account. Also of interest for performance measurement is Sharpe’s style analysis model, in which factors are style indices.

This model allows a custom benchmark for each portfolio to be developed, using the linear combination of style indices that best replicate portfolio style allocation, and leads to an accurate evaluation of portfolio alpha.

Increasingly, international business schools are incorporating the subject into their course outlines and some have formulated the title of ‘Investment Management’ or ‘Asset Management’ conferred as specialist bachelor’s degrees e.

Cass Business School, London. For those with aspirations to become an investment manager, further education may be needed beyond a bachelors in business, finance, or economics.

Designations, such as the Chartered Investment Manager CIM in Canada, are required for practitioners in the investment management industry. A graduate degree or an investment qualification such as the Chartered Financial Analyst designation CFA may help in having a career in investment management.

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Module aims

Mark Zaky. The department also has a vibrant research community. Careers and skills This course will help you acquire or develop the analytical skills in economics and finance you need for a successful career as an investment analyst, financial adviser, project manager or consultant. If English isn’t your first language you may need to provide evidence of your English language ability. This course deals with development, developers, and the products that they create. Outside of the classroom and his realtor business, Tyler is committed to empowering and educating future leaders by mentoring business students at both city initiatives and undergrad program involvement. Upon graduation, ZeFeng plans to secure a position in asset management and gain additional exposure to portfolio construction. The course is delivered through a combination of lectures, case studies, and guest speakers from industry. Formulate a research proposal, identify a testable hypothesis, select the methodology appropriate to test it and carry out the proposed research efficiently and to a deadline with minimal supervision, to effectively communicating persuasive findings Have developed the digital literacy skills to locate, compile and present economic and financial data and demonstrate a thorough appreciation of their strengths and weaknesses. MREI graduates work in real estate and infrastructure development, investment and portfolio management, project finance and consulting. The MSc is also an ideal basis for progression to a York university investment management. You can apply and send all your documentation electronically through our online. This course examines the many «moving parts» of this business and explores the various partnership models that are being employed to address a variety of social and economic infrastructure needs. Through these experiences, Imran gained experience in numerous areas of the real estate field, including asset management, property management, tenant relations, project management, strategic acquisition, sales, financing and leasing.